Compare Tanzania (2003) - Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002)

Compare Tanzania (2003) z Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002)

	Tanzania (2003)	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2002)

Administrative divisions	25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 44.3% (male 7,988,898; female 7,938,979) 15-64 years: 53.1% (male 9,429,959; female 9,634,102) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 405,803; female 524,713) (2003 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats	-
Airports	123 (2002)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 112 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 60 under 914 m: 34 (2002)	-
Area	total: 945,087 sq km land: 886,037 sq km water: 59,050 sq km note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Area - comparative	slightly larger than twice the size of California	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.
Birth rate	39.5 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.01 billion expenditures: $1.38 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)	-
Capital	Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis	-
Climate	varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands	tropical
Coastline	1,424 km	74.1 km
Constitution	25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984	-
Country name	conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Currency	Tanzanian shilling (TZS)	-
Death rate	17.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Debt - external	$6.8 billion (2002 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Robert V. ROYALL embassy: 140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: [255] (22) 2666-010 through 2666-015 FAX: [255] (22) 2666-701, 2668-501	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Andrew Mhando DARAJA chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125 FAX: [1] (202) 797-7408	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant	-
Economic aid - recipient	$963 million (1997)	-
Economy - overview	Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Growth in 1991-2002 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Oil and gas exploration and development played an important role in this growth. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should support continued real GDP growth of 5% in 2003.	no economic activity
Electricity - consumption	2.752 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	50 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	2.906 billion kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 18.9% hydro: 81.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m
Environment - current issues	soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban	-
Ethnic groups	mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African	-
Exchange rates	Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - NA (2002), 876.41 (2001), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000 cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%	-
Exports	NA (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton	-
Exports - partners	India 15.2%, Japan 12.4%, Netherlands 9.2%, UK 6.8%, Belgium 6.5%, Kenya 5.9%, Germany 4.8% (2002)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue	the flag of Australia is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $20.42 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 48.1% industry: 15.4% services: 36.5% (2001 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $600 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	6.1% (2002 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	6 00 S, 35 00 E	12 14 S, 123 05 E
Geography - note	Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the southwest	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983
Highways	total: 88,200 km paved: 3,704 km unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 30.1% (1993)	-
Illicit drugs	growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem	-
Imports	NA (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil	-
Imports - partners	South Africa 12.7%, China 7.9%, Kenya 6.6%, India 6.3%, UK 6%, Japan 4.5%, US 4%, Australia 4% (2002)	-
Independence	26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964	-
Industrial production growth rate	8.4% (1999 est.)	-
Industries	agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 103.68 deaths/1,000 live births male: 113.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 93.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.8% (2002 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	6 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	1,550 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)	-
Labor force	13.495 million	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 3,861 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 4.24% permanent crops: 1.02% other: 94.74% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)
Languages	Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages	-
Legal system	based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 44.56 years male: 43.33 years female: 45.83 years (2003 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic total population: 78.2% male: 85.9% female: 70.7% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia
Map references	Africa	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 30,781 GRT/33,805 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 2 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Military branches	Tanzanian People's Defense Force (including Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit (including Police Marine Unit and Police Air Wing), territorial militia	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$19.68 million (FY02)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.2% (FY02)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 8,477,193 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 4,911,235 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)	-
Nationality	noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian	-
Natural hazards	flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel	fish
Net migration rate	-4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
People - note	-	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem
Pipelines	gas 5 km; oil 866 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	35,922,454 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh waster at Ashmore Reef's West Island
Population below poverty line	36% (2002 est.)	-
Population growth rate	1.72% (2003 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)	-
Railways	total: 3,690 km narrow gauge: 2,721 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge (2002)	-
Religions	mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction domestic: trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	127,000 (1998)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	30,000 (1999)	-
Television broadcast stations	3 (1999)	-
Terrain	plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south	low with sand and coral
Total fertility rate	5.24 children born/woman (2003 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on those lakes	none

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